\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
% This is always the first line in your TeX document.  Any options (text size, columns, 
% etc.) goes in the square brackets, separated by commas.  The main format of the document 
% goes in the curly brackets.  Until you write something for a journal, this will almost 
% always say "article".

\usepackage{hyperref}	% Allows the creation of hyperlinks in the document
\usepackage{amsmath}	% Allows access to all the math symbols, etc.
\usepackage{graphicx}	% Permits inclusion of figures
%\usepackage{fullpage}	% LaTeX's default page has large margins.  Including this package 
						% will allow you to have "normal" margins (1" on the sides, 1.5" 
						% on the top.

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\begin{document}
% All your actual text, etc. goes after this line.

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\title{\LaTeX Template}	% Title of the paper
\author{Kelly Douglass\\	% Author's name
	\emph{Physics 113 --- Contemporary Physics I}\\	% Always a good idea to identify the class
	\emph{Drexel University}}	% ...and the university
\date{9 October 2013}	% Date of the paper.  I always make this the due date, but if you 
% \date{\today}			% would like to use the last date you compiled your document, use 
						% \today
\maketitle
% Need this line to actually make the title.

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\section{Introduction}
% Section headers.  These are your major sections.  You can have subsections, subsubsections,
% and sometimes subsubsubsections (I think that is as far as you can go).

Welcome to the wonderful world of \LaTeX!  This is meant to be a template for you to 
model future lab reports, papers, etc. on.  While very basic, \LaTeX has a wide range of 
flexibility in producing professional-looking scientific papers.

To compile the document, you will need to go to the terminal.  Get yourself into the 
folder where your .tex document lives.  In the terminal, type the following command:

\begin{verbatim}
	kdouglass@phys8:~$ pdflatex LaTeXtemplate
\end{verbatim}

A whole bunch of gibberish will print to the terminal window, most of which you can ignore 
(unless it is an error message --- cannot ignore those!).  When successfully compiled, 
there will be a PDF of your document.  To open it, you can type

\begin{verbatim}
	kdouglass@phys8:~$ open LaTeXtemplate.pdf
\end{verbatim}

\LaTeX ignores white space, or at least most of it.  A blank line separates two paragraphs.
Otherwise, you can have multiple lines in a single paragraph --- \LaTeX does not really 
care.  To find out many details of \LaTeX, please bookmark and use the \LaTeX wikibook: 
\url{http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX}.

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\subsection*{Why use \LaTeX?}
% An unnumbered subsection header.  This star can be put anywhere you do not want the 
% default numbering displayed.
Many of you are probably wondering why you would want to learn something like \LaTeX 
instead of just using Microsoft Word or the like.  After all, it is not too difficult to 
include equations and pictures in Word documents, and the results look pretty darn nice.

For one thing, \LaTeX allows you to easily modify articles for different journal formats.  
That \begin{verbatim} documentclass \end{verbatim} command that starts the document can be 
used to easily format an article for different journals (which can be a pain).  Second, it 
is soooooo much easier to include mathematical equations in a \LaTeX document --- all you 
need to do is type out the equation!  No mouse clicks required.  You can also number the 
equations for reference.  It is also really easy to include figures and tables, including
captions and labels (for reference in the text).

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\section{Equations}

This is how you include an equation in ``display mode'' with a reference number:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Einstein}
	E = mc^2
\end{equation}

We can refer to Eqn. \ref{eq:Einstein} in the text, making it much easier to clarify from 
where your calculations are coming.  When you have any references, you will have to 
compile your file twice for all the references to be loaded (when there is a problem, the 
reference will be filled with a bunch of ???).  Or, we can make the equation un-numbered:
\begin{equation*}
	f(x) = \int_0^2 x^2 \, dx
\end{equation*}

Or we can put an equation in-line, if we do not want $x = a$ to be too much of a big deal.

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\section{Graphics}

To include an image without any caption, you just need

\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{einstein}
\end{center}

If you want to have a caption as well, you need to create a figure.
\begin{figure}
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{bulletcluster}
	\end{center}
	\caption{\label{fig:bulletcluster}This is an image of the Bullet Cluster, a famous 
	collision between two galaxies.  It is one of the biggest sources for the argument for 
	dark matter.}
\end{figure}

Again, we can refer to Fig. \ref{fig:bulletcluster} in the text.  Figures are not 
necessarily put in the same location in the document as where you include them in the .tex
document.  Rather, \LaTeX places them in the closest best place, which might be at the 
beginning or end of a page.  You can force something to be placed somewhere, but be 
careful!  \LaTeX has control of this for a reason --- it normally knows best.

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\section{Tables}

Tables are not quite as easy to create in \LaTeX, but they are not impossible.  A simple 
table might be
\begin{center}
	\begin{tabular}{l | c || r}
		1 & 2 & 3\\
		4 & 5 & 6\\
		7 & 8 & 9
	\end{tabular}
\end{center}

If you want to make the table also with a caption (turning it into a float, just as Fig. 
\ref{fig:bulletcluster}, you will need to put it inside the table environment.  More 
details on this are in the wikibook.

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\end{document}
% Your document must always end with this.
