Debian/Ubuntu Sysadmin
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Debian/Ubuntu Notes
Generic instructions for install / configuring package
An example:
apt-get install dhcpd3-server dpkg-reconfigure dhcpd3-server
Syncing ubuntu packages from old install to new install=====
Get list of packages on old install
dpkg --get-selections > selections.txt
Note: If the system is being upgraded to a new install, you do not want to just proceed with this. Repeat the above command on the new install, merge the files (you will get a lot of older stuff...e.g. the new install, say ubuntu 7.10, will have gcc4, the old, say ubuntu 6.10, will have gcc3, and by merging these files, you will have gcc3 and gcc4---however, this may prove useful in the future (trust me on this one). If this is uncool for you, just edit the merged files, but that is tedious.
dpkg --set-selections < selections.txt
dselect update apt-get dselect-upgrade
a2ps doesn't print so well
The right (or left) margin goes off the paper, and we are sure we have the right ppd for the printer.
Student finds -M Letter works...for some reason a2ps picks a4 even though the printer default is Letter.
Hack---just redefine a4 in /etc/a2ps.cfg with the same units as Letter:
#Medium: A4 595 842 Medium: A4 612 792 #Medium: A5 420 595 #Medium: B4 729 1032 #Medium: B5 516 729 Medium: Letter 612 792
Attack of the cloning program
WARNING: USE AT YOUR OWN RISK
partimage CAN NOT network transmit file sizes greater than around 2Gb.
To copy and clone you need a bootable image, the Ubuntu cd works great as you can apt-get partimage easily (after selecting the universe option in /etc/apt/sources.list).
Getting and runing partimage is easy the first time around. To set up the server, edit /etc/partimaged/partimagedusers and add a user. Put the image in the directory, and give user partimag ownership of that directory and its contents:
chown partimag.partimag * chmod 0700 *
On the client, adjust the partitions per the golden client:
fdisk
Set up these partitions
mkswap /dev/sda1 mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda2 mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3
You might have to reboot.
Finally, run partimage, supply the ip, etcetera. Works beautifully.
Oh, and don't forget to also restore the mbr (Master Boot Record). Ubuntu live cd has /dev/sda in use for some reason, so I had to copy the mbr from the golden client:
dd if=/dev/sda of=mbr.img bs=512 count=1
On the client (how you get it there is up to you, I just put it on the web and do a wget):
dd if=mbr.img of=/dev/sda
doesn't take dhcp hostname
Not sure about this, did everything in the HOWTO properly but workstation doesn't know its own hostname from DHCP.
I'll have to come back to it later (when I reinstall the dhcp server) but for now fixed with script. I found the following cool command to get the ip address from the ['http://www.forbiddenweb.org/viewtopic.php?id=101254' web]:
perl -le '/inet (?:addr:)?(\S+)/ and $1 ne "127.0.0.1" and push @a,$1 foreach `ifconfig -a`; print "@a"'
Or
for i in $(ifconfig -a); do echo $i | awk -F "addr:" '$2 != "127.0.0.1" &&
$2 > 0 {print $2}'; done
It is usefull anyway, so I make the file /usr/bin/ipwho
#!/bin/sh perl -le '/inet (?:addr:)?(\S+)/ and $1 ne "127.0.0.1" and push @a,$1 foreach `ifconfig -a`; print "@a"'
To set the hostname i now simply add to /etc/rc.local (in one line):
perl -le '/inet (?:addr:)?(\S+)/ and $1 ne "127.0.0.1" and push @a,$1 foreach `ifconfig -a`;
$out=readpipe "grep '@a' /etc/hosts"; @ar=split(/ /,$out); chomp($ar[1]); system("hostname $ar[1]")'
I probably should see what is the problem with the hostname, but whatever. If it works, it works.
g++
Get this odd error in compilation:
checking for C compiler default output... configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
Solution:
apt-get install g++
Do same for g77 and gcj
installing debs
dpkg -i ../liki.deb
Emacs
Crl c f doesn't work in Emacs
apt-get install tcsh
Ubuntu printing
Get:
sysadmin@xphy7:/etc/cups$ lpq lpq: lp: unknown printer
In /etc/printcap I change:
optra|optra:rm=localhost:rp=optra:
lp|optra:rm=localhost:rp=optra:
It works, but the new problem is that cups will reload the old one each time it restarts. Well i installed
apt-get install printtool
And that fixed the problem. That is good enough for me for now.
Dahh..This fixes it:
lpadmin -x optra; /usr/sbin/lpadmin -p optra -E -v socket://129.25.7.170:9100 -P /root/optra.ppd; lpadmin -d optra
Package search/install
apt-cache search emacs
When you find the package...
apt-get install emacs21
To force yes, use -y.
Maple 10 install
Trying to insall maple from CD, I first get:
xphy6:/media/cdrom# ./installMapleLinuxSU bash: ./installMapleLinuxSU: /bin/sh: bad interpreter: Permission denied
It needs to be root running the sh so use instead:
sh ./installMapleLinuxSU
Works.
Vpython
Easy!
apt-get install python-visual apt-get install idle
In the share directory will be vpython, find that and move it to /usr/bin.
However, I changed
$PYTHON $IDLE
to
$IDLE
to get this to work.
cups
Oops, must have forgotten to install this. This worked:
First, what is there?
apt-cache search cups
Ahhh, get it all:
apt-get install cups*
Also
apt-get install foomatic*
For linuxprinting.org printer support.
Now find the ppd:
locate .ppd | grep Lexmar
In my case I go to:
/usr/share/ppd/linuxprinting.org-gs/Lexmark
Run gzip -d on the file and then install the driver using the gnome gui.
Now lp still doesn't work. Problem and solution here [1].
lp does see stuff:
xphy6:/etc/init.d# lpstat -a Optra-T614 accepting requests since Sat 01 Jul 2006 11:10:18 AM EDT
I just changed Optra-T614 to OptraT614 throughout. Now it works perfectly. Odd bug.
For more hardcore sysadmins, you could run the command, e.g.
/usr/sbin/lpadmin -p WS704 -E -v socket://129.25.7.170:9100 -P /etc/cups/ppd/printer.ppd
NIS setup
First install the required packages
apt-get install nis
Your nis domain goes in:
/etc/defaultdomain
It should have one line, e.g.
blah.yada.net
Finally tell Debian which server you are using
/etc/yp.conf
Should have the line
ypserver 192.ABC.Y.Z
Finally, start up the server
/etc/init.d/nis start
gimp print
apt-get install gimp-print
Init Scripts
Ubuntu has a nice management system for init scripts called rcconf:
apt-get isntall rcconf
Run rcconf as root (or using sudo) and you will be greeted with a nice ncurses based screen you simply toggle which services you want to start and boot time and which you do not. The scipt will take care of creating the proper entries in /etc/rc*.d
If you want to write in an entry manually, make a link in the rc*.d pointing to your unit script starting with an 'S' for starting and a 'K' for killing (shutdown), then a number which places it in the proper order and arbitry name. For example, suppose network is at number 35 and I want to have ssh starting right after I would have
cd /etc/rc0.d link -s ../init.d/ssh S36ssh
and that's all.
pythonmatlib
Need apt packages (or compile)
python-numpy pythonmatlib dvipng
Source: OYUN OYNA Source: 3D OYUNLAR
